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- <text id=90TT1209>
- <title>
- May 07, 1990: Farewell To Thee's And He's
- </title>
- <history>
- TIME--The Weekly Newsmagazine--1990
- May 07, 1990 Dirty Words
- </history>
- <article>
- <source>Time Magazine</source>
- <hdr>
- RELIGION, Page 117
- Farewell to Thee's and He's
- </hdr>
- <body>
- <p>An "inclusive" Bible translation joins a crowded market
- </p>
- <p>By Richard N. Ostling
- </p>
- <p> "Of making many books there is no end." The famous wary
- complaint in Ecclesiastes could aptly apply to the Bible itself.
- For, verily, there is a Babel of Bibles. No fewer than 26 modern
- English translations have appeared during the past generation,
- beginning with the landmark Revised Standard Version of 1952.
- This week a major verse-by-verse overhaul of that work,
- sponsored by the National Council of Churches and known as the
- New Revised Standard Version, is being shipped to bookstores
- around the country. It will be used by millions of American
- Christians, for both private reading and public worship.
- </p>
- <p> For more than three centuries, most Protestants knew only
- one English Bible: the King James Version, on which the 1952
- R.S.V. was based. Bibles for Catholics and Jews long employed
- quite similar Elizabethan cadences and wording. But as more and
- more new translations and revisions jostle for market position,
- the familiar King James phrases are gradually being obliterated
- from the common memory bank of the English-speaking peoples.
- Barring a miracle, it appears there will never again be a single
- standard English Bible--and that is a wrenching change for
- Christendom.
- </p>
- <p> The New R.S.V. goes its separate way too. Like other modern
- renderings from the ancient Hebrew and Greek, it systematically
- abandons the archaic thee and thou forms in addressing God. More
- important, in the words of the Rev. Bruce Metzger, the chief
- translator, it circumvents the "inherent bias of the English
- language toward the masculine gender." During the 1980s the
- National Council of Churches, in response to insistent feminist
- demands, published three sets of highly controversial rewrites
- of certain Bible passages. The texts referred to God as "Father
- [and Mother]," inserted women's names that did not appear in the
- original, and refrained from calling God the King or Jesus the
- Son of God or Son of Man.
- </p>
- <p> But the New R.S.V. translators (four of the 30 are women)
- refused to play games with God. They use inclusive terms only
- when the manuscripts clearly intend to speak of humans in
- general. To avoid "he" or "him" in these cases, many verses use
- plural pronouns. Unfortunately, the third-person-plural wordings
- are less personal and often less pointed than the singular
- forms. The word man, which occurs in many well-known verses of
- the R.S.V., is replaced by such synonyms as "mortal" or
- "humanity."
- </p>
- <p> Also eliminated are some phrases that sound especially odd
- to modern ears, such as "I will accept no bull from your house"
- (referring to animal sacrifice in Psalm 50) and "once I was
- stoned" (St. Paul in II Corinthians 11, speaking of his
- stoning). Gone as well are some tongue twisters ("you who hew"
- in Isaiah 22) and ambiguities, like Zechariah 3's "Joshua was
- standing before the angel, clothed in filthy garments."
- (Joshua's garb was filthy, not the angel's.) The poetic
- exclamation "behold" has given way to the prosaic "look." Sex
- is bluntly called "intercourse."
- </p>
- <p> The New R.S.V. drew upon the hundreds of ancient Bible
- manuscripts that have become available since the earlier version
- appeared. Four sentences based upon one of the Dead Sea Scrolls
- have been tacked onto Chapter 10 of I Samuel, for instance, and
- Greek manuscripts provided an optional short ending for Mark.
- But such substantive changes are surprisingly few, indicating,
- says Metzger, how reliable the biblical texts were all along.
- </p>
- <p> Though the 1952 project was a purely Protestant effort, the
- New R.S.V. team of translators (all unpaid) included five Roman
- Catholics, a Greek Orthodox and a Jew. Some editions will print
- only the 39 Old Testament books recognized by Protestantism and
- Judaism, while others will include additional books that
- Catholicism and Orthodoxy regard as Scripture. In time, a
- Catholic edition of the New R.S.V. is expected.
- </p>
- <p> Americans have bought 55 million copies of the 1952 version,
- and several million New R.S.V.s should be snapped up this year
- alone. But the newest U.S. Bible will face stiff competition
- from other popular texts that use more traditional, non
- inclusive wording. For example, the New International Version
- (1978), the Evangelical favorite, has sold as many copies as the
- old R.S.V. in only one-third as many years. Other competitors
- include the perennial King James and the "New" King James
- (1979). What of the old R.S.V.? The National Council of Churches
- had originally planned to kill off its 1952 version once the new
- rendition was out, but has decided to keep it available for at
- least five more years because of popular demand. For good
- reason: the new text reads best when it sticks closest to its
- predecessor.
- </p>
- <p>THE REVISED STANDARD VERSIONS
- </p>
- <p>-- Psalm 8:4
- </p>
- <p> 1952
- </p>
- <p> "What is man that thou art mindful of him, and the son of
- man that thou dost care for him?"
- </p>
- <p> 1990
- </p>
- <p> "What are human beings that you are mindful of them,
- mortals that you care for them?"
- </p>
- <p>-- Genesis 1:2
- </p>
- <p> 1952
- </p>
- <p> "The Spirit of God was moving over the face of the waters."
- </p>
- <p> 1990
- </p>
- <p> "A wind from God swept over the face of the waters."
- </p>
- <p>-- I Timothy 2:5
- </p>
- <p> 1952
- </p>
- <p> "There is one mediator between God and men, the man Christ
- Jesus."
- </p>
- <p> 1990
- </p>
- <p> "There is also one mediator between God and humankind,
- Christ Jesus, himself human."
- </p>
-
- </body>
- </article>
- </text>
-
-